http://www.sltrib.com/2003/May/05112003/utah/utah.asp

--- "You are such a weirdo, Dave Shy, a real corrupt country boy." --- Barbara Schwarz

S.L. Woman's Quest Strains Public Records System

By Christopher Smith (c)2003, The Salt Lake Tribune

WASHINGTON -- Working from her austere Salt Lake City apartment or a nearby public library for more than a decade, Barbara Schwarz has carpet-bombed every federal department and agency with thousands of requests for public records the government says don't exist.

With no legal training, she has filed dozens of lawsuits against thousands of federal employees around the country, claiming they have withheld information on her Utah hometown, which can't be found on any map.

And she has written hundreds of letters to the White House, demanding to know the whereabouts of a husband she contends was falsely imprisoned for her own murder.

A twisted plot, to be sure, but one that can be recited almost chapter and verse by a legion of civil servants and judges who have dutifully waded through pages of her screeds since they began appearing shortly after she moved to Salt Lake City in 1989 from Europe in search of a murky past.

The U.S. Department of Justice contends Schwarz has made more requests under the landmark public records statute known as the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) than any other person since it became law in 1966. A blueprint for open democracy and government accountability in other countries, the FOIA has been stretched to its limits by a reclusive woman who, by her own admission, is in the country illegally.

A Salt Lake Tribune review of federal court records and Justice Department annual reports on FOIA litigation shows at least one of Schwarz's lawsuits has been considered by a U.S. District or U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals somewhere in the nation every year since 1993. She also has filed unsuccessful appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court.

In 1998 alone, Schwarz, who always acts as her own attorney and claims indigency to avoid paying court filing fees, had a caseload any rising lawyer would be proud of: 10 of her actions against the government were reviewed in federal courts in Utah, Maryland, West Virginia, Colorado, New York and the District of Columbia.

The slightly built woman in her late 40s with wavy dark hair rarely appears in court and has never won any of her lawsuits. One of her complaints filed in U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C., set a record for voluminous litigation at 2,370 pages, naming 3,087 defendants, all of whom were employed as FOIA or "Privacy Act" officers in the federal government. Some of those workers have dubbed her a "FOIA terrorist" and coined a verb reflective of her unending request letters: "Have you been Schwarzed today?"

The 10th Circuit Court of Appeals based in Denver and the D.C. District Court each have ruled that Schwarz's FOIA requests are frivolous and a waste of government resources. Both courts have enjoined or drastically limited her right to file future appeals within either jurisdiction.

"Imaginary conspiracy": The FOIA's "admirable purpose is abused when misguided individuals are allowed (in this case repeatedly) to submit requests to every agency and subdivision of the government, seeking information about an imaginary conspiracy," U.S. District Court Judge John Bates wrote in a September ruling against Schwarz in Washington.

The Justice Department has taken the unusual step of notifying all of the thousands of federal employees charged with administering the FOIA that until Schwarz satisfies outstanding search and copying charges she incurred from various federal agencies, they can legally deny her continued requests for records. While senior Justice Department officials acknowledge such governmentwide notification of what they term a "exceptional" requester has only happened once or twice before in the history of the law, they say Schwarz is being treated no differently than anyone else.

"In the case of any FOIA requester who defaults or reneges on a commitment to pay, whether he or she has made two requests or 2,000, there would be a basis for the request not to be acted upon until the default is corrected," said Daniel Metcalfe, co-director of the Justice Department's Office of Information and Privacy. "It's certainly true that when Ms. Schwarz brought suit against virtually every government agency and subpart, that created an interagency focus that otherwise might not have existed."

But Schwarz is not giving up. She says she can't. Every boilerplate rejection letter from the federal government only widens the circle of suspicion that spawns more requests. And until she knows the answers to her questions, she says she is incapable of moving on with her life.

"I have no money for this but I am forced to do it because the purpose of the law is to reveal, not conceal, and government should be transparent," she said in a recent interview in a Salt Lake City restaurant. "When I started this journey, I never imagined it would take so long."

That quest, according to a September 2001 governmentwide memo on Schwarz issued by the Office of Information and Privacy, is "all based on unique personal notions that, most charitably stated, are entirely fanciful in nature."

Schwarz believes she was born in approximately 1956 at a secretive government compound "submarine base" called Chattanooga on the Great Salt Lake, the alleged daughter of Church of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard and the granddaughter of President Eisenhower, although there is no proof of any such place or relationship.

The ensuing story reads like a science fiction novel -- kidnapping by Nazis, mind control, conspiracy, hidden fortunes, faked deaths, insane asylums, cover-ups and microchips implanted in unsuspecting peoples' heads. Besides constantly referencing the tale in her FOIA requests and court filings, Schwarz has posted it in more than 80 parts on the Web newsgroup alt.religion.scientology.

"This is when people say, 'You're crazy,' " she says. "But I remember all those things so clearly, it's not like I just made it up. I need to know the truth of it and not to bury my perceptions."

That includes her belief she was once married to a man named Mark Rathbun who has been framed for her death and is being held somewhere in the United States, waiting for her to testify as his "relief witness" so that he can be cleared of the crime and the pair can be reunited.

Rathbun is, however, a high-ranking official of the Church of Scientology International, headquartered in Los Angeles. "We're clueless about this person and obviously she is delusional about Mr. Rathbun and she needs help," says Linda Simmons Hight, director of media relations for the church. "We're sorry for her."

When Schwarz is shown a recent photo of Rathbun from the church, she maintains it is not the same man she has asked the federal government to help her locate. She describes herself as a "nonorganized" scientologist who was "kicked out" of the church in Germany in the mid-1980s. University of Utah history professor Robert Goldberg, who has studied the subculture of conspiracy theorists, says Schwarz's manifestations seem based in the reality that the U.S. government does have a cult of secrecy. For instance, the federal Information Security Oversight Office's most recent study showed the number of government records classified as secret increased 44 percent in 2001 from the previous year, to more than 33 million.

Guarding secrets: "The context here is the government loves to keep secrets and it guards those secrets very zealously," says Goldberg, author of Enemies Within: the Culture of Conspiracy in Modern America. "So when the federal government says you have everything we have on this subject and there's nothing, that only feeds more fuel to the fire in her soul."

Adding to the cycle of Schwarz's repeated requests is one of the virtues of the FOIA law: administrators are not to render judgment on the merits of the information being sought in a request. Those determinations only can be made at the judicial level once a requester loses an administrative appeal of a FOIA denial and files suit.

"Who's to say that one person's request has more validity than anyone else's?" says William Ferroggiaro, director of the Freedom of Information Project of the National Security Archive at George Washington University and president of the American Society of Access Professionals. "It's value neutral. In a way, she is using the law as it is intended even if her efforts cannot be characterized as anything but bizarre."

One of the other aspects of the FOIA law -- which has gained increased scrutiny in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks -- is that it may be used by citizens and foreign nationals alike. In some cases, fugitives of federal justice have filed FOIA requests and received responses, since only the courts may declare that a person who has flouted the laws of the land may not benefit from them.

Schwarz says she entered the United States on a visitor visa in the late 1980s and tried unsuccessfully for years to adjust her status with the Immigration and Naturalization Service before giving up. She says she has a German birth certificate but claims it was doctored to conceal that she was actually born in Utah.

Fighting INS: "I have tried to get it worked out with the INS," says Schwarz. "They could probably arrest me or throw me out of the country for filing FOIA requests, but I'm not easily scared."

While the FOIA law is open to all, it does not guarantee free access to government information. Although Schwarz always requests that the standard fees for searching and copying records be deferred because she is poor and the request is in the public interest, a federal judge in the nation's capital ruled in 2001 that she didn't deserve a fee waiver because her disclosure would not "contribute significantly to public understanding of the operations or activities of the government."

As a result, the Department of Justice began tracking her outstanding FOIA bills and using those debts to disqualify further requests, beginning with a $16.80 balance due to the Salt Lake field office of the FBI.

"Anyone can see I'm not rich; I haven't bought new clothes for 12 years," says Schwarz, who does not hold a job or driver license and relies on a monthly stipend sent from relatives in Germany to pay for her rent, utilities and food. "I finally paid the FBI bill and two days later the chief counsel of the division said I owed $303.30 to the Veterans Administration. They are generating fees behind my back so they don't process my requests and it's spread to every agency."

To her, it's all part of the conspiracy.

"This circle is never going to close," says Goldberg. "Perhaps having this cause and mission gives her a will to live."

But Schwarz says being labeled a kook and an "FOIA terrorist" is not how she had hoped to find fame.

"It's not that this is my hobby and I don't have anything better to do," she says. "I would love to just write fiction and have a life. But I'm an optimist. I believe something will come my way that will end this."

csmith@sltrib.com

<p><hr><p> Message-ID: <3EBE7A3D.1090705@cox.net>
Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 09:28:45 -0700
From: barb <bwarr1@cox.net>
Subject: Re: Salt Lake Tribune: The real BS

Rod Keller wrote: > S.L. Woman's Quest Strains Public Records System
> The Salt Lake Tribune
> May 11, 2003
> By Christopher Smith
> http://www.sltrib.com/2003/May/05112003/utah/utah.asp
>
> WASHINGTON -- Working from her austere Salt Lake City apartment or a
> nearby public library for more than a decade, Barbara Schwarz has
> carpet-bombed every federal department and agency with thousands of
> requests for public records the government says don't exist.
>
> With no legal training, she has filed dozens of lawsuits against thousands
> of federal employees around the country, claiming they have withheld
> information on her Utah hometown, which can't be found on any map.
>
> And she has written hundreds of letters to the White House, demanding to
> know the whereabouts of a husband she contends was falsely imprisoned for
> her own murder.
>
> A twisted plot, to be sure, but one that can be recited almost chapter and
> verse by a legion of civil servants and judges who have dutifully waded
> through pages of her screeds since they began appearing shortly after she
> moved to Salt Lake City in 1989 from Europe in search of a murky past.
>
> The U.S. Department of Justice contends Schwarz has made more requests
> under the landmark public records statute known as the Freedom of
> Information Act (FOIA) than any other person since it became law in 1966.
> A blueprint for open democracy and government accountability in other
> countries, the FOIA has been stretched to its limits by a reclusive woman
> who, by her own admission, is in the country illegally.
>
> A Salt Lake Tribune review of federal court records and Justice Department
> annual reports on FOIA litigation shows at least one of Schwarz's lawsuits
> has been considered by a U.S. District or U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
> somewhere in the nation every year since 1993. She also has filed
> unsuccessful appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court.
>
> In 1998 alone, Schwarz, who always acts as her own attorney and claims
> indigency to avoid paying court filing fees, had a caseload any rising
> lawyer would be proud of: 10 of her actions against the government were
> reviewed in federal courts in Utah, Maryland, West Virginia, Colorado, New
> York and the District of Columbia.
>
> The slightly built woman in her late 40s with wavy dark hair rarely
> appears in court and has never won any of her lawsuits. One of her
> complaints filed in U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C., set a record
> for voluminous litigation at 2,370 pages, naming 3,087 defendants, all of
> whom were employed as FOIA or "Privacy Act" officers in the federal
> government. Some of those workers have dubbed her a "FOIA terrorist" and
> coined a verb reflective of her unending request letters: "Have you been
> Schwarzed today?"
>
> The 10th Circuit Court of Appeals based in Denver and the D.C. District
> Court each have ruled that Schwarz's FOIA requests are frivolous and a
> waste of government resources. Both courts have enjoined or drastically
> limited her right to file future appeals within either jurisdiction.
>
> "Imaginary conspiracy": The FOIA's "admirable purpose is abused when
> misguided individuals are allowed (in this case repeatedly) to submit
> requests to every agency and subdivision of the government, seeking
> information about an imaginary conspiracy," U.S. District Court Judge John
> Bates wrote in a September ruling against Schwarz in Washington.
>
> The Justice Department has taken the unusual step of notifying all of the
> thousands of federal employees charged with administering the FOIA that
> until Schwarz satisfies outstanding search and copying charges she
> incurred from various federal agencies, they can legally deny her
> continued requests for records. While senior Justice Department officials
> acknowledge such governmentwide notification of what they term a
> "exceptional" requester has only happened once or twice before in the
> history of the law, they say Schwarz is being treated no differently than
> anyone else.
>
> "In the case of any FOIA requester who defaults or reneges on a commitment
> to pay, whether he or she has made two requests or 2,000, there would be a
> basis for the request not to be acted upon until the default is
> corrected," said Daniel Metcalfe, co-director of the Justice Department's
> Office of Information and Privacy. "It's certainly true that when Ms.
> Schwarz brought suit against virtually every government agency and
> subpart, that created an interagency focus that otherwise might not have
> existed."
>
> But Schwarz is not giving up. She says she can't. Every boilerplate
> rejection letter from the federal government only widens the circle of
> suspicion that spawns more requests. And until she knows the answers to
> her questions, she says she is incapable of moving on with her life.
>
> "I have no money for this but I am forced to do it because the purpose of
> the law is to reveal, not conceal, and government should be transparent,"
> she said in a recent interview in a Salt Lake City restaurant. "When I
> started this journey, I never imagined it would take so long."
>
> That quest, according to a September 2001 governmentwide memo on Schwarz
> issued by the Office of Information and Privacy, is "all based on unique
> personal notions that, most charitably stated, are entirely fanciful in
> nature."
>
> Schwarz believes she was born in approximately 1956 at a secretive
> government compound "submarine base" called Chattanooga on the Great Salt
> Lake, the alleged daughter of Church of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard
> and the granddaughter of President Eisenhower, although there is no proof
> of any such place or relationship.
>
> The ensuing story reads like a science fiction novel -- kidnapping by
> Nazis, mind control, conspiracy, hidden fortunes, faked deaths, insane
> asylums, cover-ups and microchips implanted in unsuspecting peoples'
> heads. Besides constantly referencing the tale in her FOIA requests and
> court filings, Schwarz has posted it in more than 80 parts on the Web
> newsgroup alt.religion.scientology.
>
> "This is when people say, 'You're crazy,'" she says. "But I remember all
> those things so clearly, it's not like I just made it up. I need to know
> the truth of it and not to bury my perceptions."
>
> That includes her belief she was once married to a man named Mark Rathbun
> who has been framed for her death and is being held somewhere in the
> United States, waiting for her to testify as his "relief witness" so that
> he can be cleared of the crime and the pair can be reunited.
>
> Rathbun is, however, a high-ranking official of the Church of Scientology
> International, headquartered in Los Angeles. "We're clueless about this
> person and obviously she is delusional about Mr. Rathbun and she needs
> help," says Linda Simmons Hight, director of media relations for the
> church. "We're sorry for her."
>
> When Schwarz is shown a recent photo of Rathbun from the church, she
> maintains it is not the same man she has asked the federal government to
> help her locate. She describes herself as a "nonorganized" scientologist
> who was "kicked out" of the church in Germany in the mid-1980s. University
> of Utah history professor Robert Goldberg, who has studied the subculture
> of conspiracy theorists, says Schwarz's manifestations seem based in the
> reality that the U.S. government does have a cult of secrecy. For
> instance, the federal Information Security Oversight Office's most recent
> study showed the number of government records classified as secret
> increased 44 percent in 2001 from the previous year, to more than 33
> million.
>
> Guarding secrets: "The context here is the government loves to keep
> secrets and it guards those secrets very zealously," says Goldberg, author
> of Enemies Within: the Culture of Conspiracy in Modern America. "So when
> the federal government says you have everything we have on this subject
> and there's nothing, that only feeds more fuel to the fire in her soul."
>
> Adding to the cycle of Schwarz's repeated requests is one of the virtues
> of the FOIA law: administrators are not to render judgment on the merits
> of the information being sought in a request. Those determinations only
> can be made at the judicial level once a requester loses an administrative
> appeal of a FOIA denial and files suit.
>
> "Who's to say that one person's request has more validity than anyone
> else's?" says William Ferroggiaro, director of the Freedom of Information
> Project of the National Security Archive at George Washington University
> and president of the American Society of Access Professionals. "It's value
> neutral. In a way, she is using the law as it is intended even if her
> efforts cannot be characterized as anything but bizarre."
>
> One of the other aspects of the FOIA law -- which has gained increased
> scrutiny in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks -- is that
> it may be used by citizens and foreign nationals alike. In some cases,
> fugitives of federal justice have filed FOIA requests and received
> responses, since only the courts may declare that a person who has flouted
> the laws of the land may not benefit from them.
>
> Schwarz says she entered the United States on a visitor visa in the late
> 1980s and tried unsuccessfully for years to adjust her status with the
> Immigration and Naturalization Service before giving up. She says she has
> a German birth certificate but claims it was doctored to conceal that she
> was actually born in Utah.
>
> Fighting INS: "I have tried to get it worked out with the INS," says
> Schwarz. "They could probably arrest me or throw me out of the country for
> filing FOIA requests, but I'm not easily scared."
>
> While the FOIA law is open to all, it does not guarantee free access to
> government information. Although Schwarz always requests that the standard
> fees for searching and copying records be deferred because she is poor and
> the request is in the public interest, a federal judge in the nation's
> capital ruled in 2001 that she didn't deserve a fee waiver because her
> disclosure would not "contribute significantly to public understanding of
> the operations or activities of the government."
>
> As a result, the Department of Justice began tracking her outstanding FOIA
> bills and using those debts to disqualify further requests, beginning with
> a $16.80 balance due to the Salt Lake field office of the FBI.
>
> "Anyone can see I'm not rich; I haven't bought new clothes for 12 years,"
> says Schwarz, who does not hold a job or driver license and relies on a
> monthly stipend sent from relatives in Germany to pay for her rent,
> utilities and food. "I finally paid the FBI bill and two days later the
> chief counsel of the division said I owed $303.30 to the Veterans
> Administration. They are generating fees behind my back so they don't
> process my requests and it's spread to every agency."
>
> To her, it's all part of the conspiracy.
>
> "This circle is never going to close," says Goldberg. "Perhaps having this
> cause and mission gives her a will to live."
>
> But Schwarz says being labeled a kook and an "FOIA terrorist" is not how
> she had hoped to find fame.
>
> "It's not that this is my hobby and I don't have anything better to do,"
> she says. "I would love to just write fiction and have a life. But I'm an
> optimist. I believe something will come my way that will end this."
>
> csmith@sltrib.com
>

Your recent article on Barbara Schwarz amazed me. She is a regular poster to the alt.religion.scientology newsgroup, where she spins her fantastic delusions and attacks people who disagree with her.

Recently, I was forced to contact the Salt Lake City library to stop her from libelling me on this public forum. Her accusations of felony drug abuse and treason could have damaged my reputation. Apparently, the library staff had a word with her about that, and she devolved into general name-calling. Her fixation on Nazi ear implants, which control our behavior, earned her the monicker, "Spongebarb Earplants."

What's notably missing from your article is the Scientology link to her insanity. There are many instances of mentally unstable people being driven over the edge by the intense Scientology mental proccessing. The sad thing is, when these victims become a liability to the "Church," they are kicked out and left to fend for themselves, often times without any resources. Moreover, such people have been convinced that psychiatry is evil, and thus will not seek professional help for their condition. Barbara Schwarz is a long time Scientologist and victim, and her postings to ARS demonstrate that. She reminds me of another utterly insane person who used to post volumes of delusiary ramblings to the newsgroup, Koos Nolste Trenite, whose fantasy revolved around L. Ron Hubbard and Scientology. He eventually got locked up after drowning his daughter in the bath tub. He remains in a mental institution to this day.

I wonder why Ms. Schwarz is allowed to remain in the United States, draining public money in her pursuit of her fantasies. I don't believe she is harmless at all; like Koos, she may eventually snap and harm someone.

-- -- barb Chaplain, ARS

"After over 50 years, what has Scientology given the world? Misery, hopelessness, broken families, desolation, death." -Shydavid

<p><hr><p> From: BarbaraSchwarz2222@hotmail.com (BarbaraSchwarz)
Subject: Re: How reporter Christopher Smith of the Salt Lake Tribune lied to me
Date: 14 May 2003 08:51:39 -0700
Message-ID: <a6bc00a0.0305140751.24aa2451@posting.google.com>

"Ed Rhodes" <edward.j.rhodes@verizon.net> wrote in message news:<E2hwa.2601$ld.2276@nwrdny01.gnilink.net>... > "BarbaraSchwarz" <BarbaraSchwarz2222@hotmail.com> wrote in message
> news:a6bc00a0.0305130955.6640cdec@posting.google.com...
> > _____________________________________________
>
> Sorry, wrote "Nancy," ment "Barbara."

You are a real confused fellow, aren't you? And you are as unspecific as the crook reporter. You are the kind of guy the Tribune hires. If you are out of a job, give them a call.

Anyway, another guy asked me, if I believe everything that the Washington Post reports. Of course not. Reporters are liars as lawyers are. I remember lying reporters from Germany very well, and how they left out facts, twisted facts, and outrageously lied and made stuff up. But Christopher Smith was the first reporter whom I met, who lied to me so bluntly, wanting to write a completely different story, about a very different subject. Most other reporters that I met, sticked to the subject, but just twisted the truth and made things up and left things out. Smith did that as well, but he reported about something very different than he wrote me he wants to report.

Some years ago, I was contacted by a radio reporter who wanted to do a story about me. I did not call the guy back, because I know that reporters are unethical and lie, and I am not interested to become the center of twisted media spectacle.

I would not have meet Smith, if he would have not told me he plans to write about something else than he did. My private life rather should have become only a footnote in his article. It should have been all about how the government denies access to records to citizens and the free press. I think I should post the content of his e-mails, so that others, (not you, Ed Rhodes, who has not much of a working mind)can make their minds up as to what really happened.

Barbara Schwarz

<p><hr><p> From: BarbaraSchwarz2222@hotmail.com (BarbaraSchwarz)
Subject: How reporter Christopher Smith of the Salt Lake Tribune lied to me
Date: 13 May 2003 10:55:01 -0700
Message-ID: <a6bc00a0.0305130955.6640cdec@posting.google.com>

_____________________________________________ Somebody posted that he thinks that my cases will be used to restrict FOIA/PA access for others. He is rightfully concerned. That may happen. The reporter might have cut in his own flesh, because he and and other reporters might not get the information that they want in future either.

By not writing about how the governmental actions against me could affect other citizens and the free press (that is the article Chris Smith told me he wanted to write), but instead of beating up on me, by twisting the truth and lying, by creating a complete different picture as who I am and what I did, he has done great harm to other people or to the free press.

However, the Salt Lake Tribune is already involved in terrible scandals of lies about the Smart family, and not many, even in Salt Lake, take them seriously.

Barbara Schwarz

May 12, 2003, > >
> >Attention: Publisher William Dean Singleton, personal, Salt Lake Tribune
> >future Chief Editor, Nancy Conway, personal, current Chief Editor Bill
> >Long, personal, lying and truth twisting reporter Christopher Smith,
> >personal, and all other Tribune reporters and employees:
> >
> >I want you to print a correction to the Salt Lake Tribune Article of May
> >11, 2003, that you had on the front page, with title: "S.L. woman's
> >quest strains public records system", by your ethics-missing truth
> >twisting reporter Christopher Smith, because the article is rather
> >written in a Cantera/Veigh/Jason-Blair style. - I heard that the Smart
> >family is thinking of suing the Salt Lake Tribune. I consider that too.
> >Christopher Smith wrote me a letter on April 3, 2003, and sticked it on
> >my apartment door. He wrote, that he would an investigative reporter for
> >the SL Tribune, who has studied my legal cases and how the federal
> >government has responded to my requests on Mark Rathbun; that he
> >travelled all the way from D.C. to talk to me, since my cases have
> >resulted in an unusual ruling on how and when public information may be
> >realeased, which may have broad implication on the free press.
> >
> >Is that what the article of May 11 was about? Absolutely not. I never
> >would have agreed to meet Smith, if he would have not informed me that
> >he wants to write about how the governmental campaign against me could
> >affect the free press negatively, because that could indeed happen.
> >Smith trashed me and my cases, he reported out of content, twisted
> >facts, left important facts out, concealed facts, and conducted no
> >adequate investigation at all. He can't say that he was not properly
> >informed, because we had a long talk and exchanged quite some e-mails in
> >the weeks that followed.
> >
> >Smith wrote that letter under false pretenses, just to get an interview
> >with me and photos of me. How disgusting, how sneaky, how unethically,
> >how unprofessionally, and how typically Salt Lake Tribune. He lied to me
> >that his article would probably help me to find the information that the
> >government conceals before me for so long. How did he think that would
> >work? By twisting the truth, by wrongfully claiming that I burdened the
> >government, instead of truthfully reporting that the government had the
> >information that I seek all along, and could have ended my search right
> >away, but just mailing to me, to what I am anyway entitled under the
> >law? I have the documents that prove that the U.S. government, numerous
> >agencies, indeed have the records that I requested, that they withhold
> >them illegally before me, and that they campaign and conspire against
> >me. He knew that the government has to ask for consent before incurring
> >any FOIA fees, and that the government committed criminal acts by not
> >asking me for my consent, using my indigency and by fabricating fees
> >behind my back. He knew that if a private enterprise would apply such
> >Mafia methods, it would be subject to crime investigations. - My FOIA/PA
> >requests are everything else than "misguided", and I have the documents
> >to prove it. But Smith just blamed me in his biased article for having
> >filed requests for records. In private he told me, that he found the
> >solution by the government, to get rid of my requests unbelievable.
> >
> >I told and e-mailed to Smith, that I had filed FOIA requests in October
> >2000 to agencies of the U.S. Intelligence Community for records on Osama
> >Bin Laden, and that all agencies ignored that request unlawfully, that
> >nobody pulled his files, but that if they would have conducted a lawful
> >search, they could have found enough indications and eleven months time
> >to step up intelligence around that man and to highten the National
> >Security for the USA. It could have been a darn good chance to prevent
> >the September 11, 2001 terror attacks. But it was Smith, who published
> >the discriminatory lie of one official, that I would be a "terrorist"
> >and would "carpet bomb" agencies with frivolous FOIA/PA requests. Was
> >really frivolous to ask the agencies to search their records on Bin
> >Laden in year 2000, or was it rather frivolous and irresponsible by the
> >agencies not to search his files as to what he is up to? Shame on you,
> >Salt Lake Tribune and reporter Smith for concealing the facts!
> >
> >Only one EPA official asked others if they were "Schwarzed", after he
> >received a FOIA/PA request by me. Smith knew that and made it appear as
> >if all of the governmental officials would use that verb, which was
> >another lie by him.
> >
> >During the inteview, Smith uttered out of the blue, that he hopes that I
> >am not being murdered. I was not the one who brought that or any similar
> >subject up. He did not explain, who he thinks would want to murder me,
> >but he apparently must have information that some people want me dead,
> >but did not tell me the details. Was his smear article his way to
> >prevent a murder, or rather to spread hate against me, to make others
> >wanting to murder me?
> >
> >I also want to get some other records straight:
> >
> >I told and e-mailed Smith that my first FOIA/PA requests were very
> >short. I did not ask most agencies in my first requests information
> >about a submarine village, (which can't be of course on no map) but just
> >for records that pertain to myself, to Mark Rathbun (de Rothschild),
> >members of his family, L. Ron Hubbard, and later records on President
> >Eisenhower. I provided not much other information, but was immediately
> >stonewalled by the agencies. I informed Smith, that I received most of
> >the time very unspecific no records informations by the agencies, that
> >they often twisted my name, mailed me letters without a date, with wrong
> >dates, with illegible signatures, etc., and that I had to file new
> >FOIA/PA requests to obtain the internal search records that the agencies
> >generated to somehow reconstruct what kind of searches they conducted. I
> >also asked the agencies to provide me with declarations by the searchers
> >as to how search was conducted and that no records were withheld. Sm ith
> >told me during the interview that he thinks that was "smart" of me, but
> >he surely avoided to mention that in his hate article about me.
> >
> >Smith was informed by me that the agencies either informed me, that they
> >would have no internal records (which means that they lied to me having
> >conducted a FOIA search to my first request, otherwise they would have
> >at least some processing documents), or they denied them to me under
> >wrongfully applied FOIA exemptions, or they mailed me some, which
> >indicated, they illegally withheld others, or that they conducted no
> >lawful search at all to the first request. - I appealed
> >administratively, which resulted most of the time in a cover up within
> >the agencies, and the agencies themselves referred me to court for
> >review. I did everything by the books, the agencies did not. The judges
> >did not bother to investigate the facts of the cases and kicked the
> >cases out. The "civil servants and judges" did not "dutyful" their jobs.
> >Everyone, who really investigates my FOIA/PA requests and cases, will
> >come right away to this conclusion.
> >
> >Smith manipulated his article to that I would have asked only for rather
> >unusual and non-existing records, which was an outrageous lie by him. He
> >furthermore beamed with unspecifics through all of the article. He
> >mentioned that I mailed 100s of letters to the White House, but he did
> >not clarify to what White House administration. It's true, I wrote to
> >former President and present President Bush and to President Clinton,
> >and tried to direct their attention to un-American governmental
> >activities and cover up's. President Clinton replied personally twice to
> >me in 1994, but he had no interest to look in any governmental cover up
> >or infiltration; he rather claimed that the world would be so much
> >better and safer now, and in his later letter, he tried to get my
> >attention away from wrongfully incarcerated Mark Rathbun (de Rothschild)
> >to another prisoner, who was not innocent. His replies were
> >discriminatory, that is why I sued President Clinton in the USDC
> >Columbia, case 96-cv-14 62. The case was dismissed by "dutyful" judge
> >Aubrey Robinson jr., who called me a "he", in his order of dismissal,
> >and "that I have claimed that I have suffered traumatic experiences". I
> >claimed nothing of that kind, but even a severe "mistake", mixing up two
> >completely different court cases, was not enough mistake for the
> >"dutyful" Columbia Circuit Court to correct the judge and remand my
> >case.
> >
> >I also pointed Christopher Smith in writing to what kind of outrageous
> >judgments the other USDC of Columbia court judges rendered on my cases.
> >The Chief judge of the Columbia Circuit Court, Thomas Hogan, and judge
> >John Bates, of the same court, cited in my cases vs. USDA, 01-1464 and
> >vs. FBI, 00-2758 over and over a "U.S. Depot of Treasury, a U.S. Depot
> >of Agriculture, a U.S. Depot of Energy", etc., which don't even exist. I
> >filed my cases versus the U.S. Department of Treasury, the U.S.
> >Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Energy. Smith did not
> >cite the outrageous unprofessionalism of the judges, and that they
> >appear having not even attented high shool, but occupy high positions
> >and have the power to rule on others fates. Smith rather paid me
> >compliments during the interview, told me that I have the stuff to go to
> >law school, and that I must have an unbelievable memory capacity. He
> >surely did not mentioned that in his with slime and lies dropping
> >article abou t me.
> >
> >I told and e-mailed Smith, that the CIA never conducted any search at
> >all to records pertaining to me, and that no agency referred any of my
> >requests to the CIA, despite that this is the agency, that could have
> >ended my search right away, since they have the information as to if my
> >claims are completely right, partly correct, or if I operate on false
> >memories. Unfair as Smith is, he did not mention that at all.
> >
> >I did not tell Smith, that I am illegally in the USA. I told him that I
> >am born in the United States. If I am illegally here, he and everybody
> >else born in the USA, is also illegally in the United States. I told
> >him, that I filed FOIA/PA request to the INS, as to if they have records
> >on me, and that they mailed me citizens papers pertaining to another
> >Barbara Schwarz, (born 1911!). He did not mention that fact either. I
> >told and wrote to him, that the Germans issued a birth certificate on my
> >name, but Smith did withhold, that the birth certificate is missing the
> >most important information: the town, or the country, I am born in. The
> >certificate does not say that I am born in Germany. It says, in other
> >words, it fell out of the sky, I was born nowhere! I told him, that the
> >Germans knew that I am a kidnapped American girl, that is why they did
> >not write in that certificate that I am born in Germany. I am also not
> >born in 1956, but 1955. He lied again by claiming that I was b orn in a
> >submarine village. I was born in a hospital, but was raised the first
> >four years of my life in that village.
> >
> >Smith mentioned my life history in twisted sentence, he omitted
> >important information, and made other information up, just as Cantera,
> >Vigh and Blair. My life is no science fiction, and Smith was in details
> >and in writing informed about how my life really was. He just threw
> >words in, trying to make me look crazy, or to get me deported; that was
> >the whole purpose of his despicable article.
> >
> >Strangely, Smith did not try to reach Mark Rathbun (de Rothschild) in
> >the Church of Scientology International, of whom Smith is claiming that
> >he would be an executive there. Why did he not contact Mark Rathbun, but
> >Linda Simmons Hight, who lied saying that Scientology International is
> >clueless about me? I was the President of the Church of Scientology
> >Germany, I was one of the board members on the Billion Dollars
> >Scientology sea org reserves, of course they know me. Smith also knew
> >that I was kicked out by Scientology infiltrators in Germany without a
> >board meeting, which was legally necessary to remove a president. The
> >infiltrators did not want me in the organization anymore, because I
> >discovered their infiltration and their acitivites to change the
> >religion Scientology to money oriented psychologial organizations. Smith
> >covered that up too.
> >
> >Smith knew that, because I told him so, I emailed him, and he read
> >Google postings about me in the internet newsgroups. He told me that he
> >would know that the newsgroups are hostile and lawless, but
> >nevertheless, he took such a cheap shoot and referred SL Tribune readers
> >to those groups.
> >
> >Smith knew that Scientology orgs are a garden of good and evil, that not
> >only good Scientologists are in those orgs, but also criminal lawless
> >infiltrators and non-Scientologists, as Simmons Hight. As Mark Rathbun
> >is wrongfully incarcerated, Smith of course could not talk to him,
> >despite I told him to contact the President of the Church of Scientology
> >International, Heber Jentzsch, (originally from Utah), because I know
> >that he would tell the truth. Smith deliberately avoided to reach Mr.
> >Jentzsch, because what he would have said about Mark Rathbun and I,
> >would have not fit in his hostile untrue article about us.
> >
> >Moreover, Smith was informed that I had received a letter from an Utah
> >inmate, who wrote me that he saw Mark Rathbun incarcerated in the Utah
> >State Prison. Why did he not mentioned that? Smith lied also as to, that
> >I was shown a recent photo of Mark Rathbun from the Church of
> >Scientology, and that I claimed it was not him. Smith did not show me
> >any photo of Mark Rathbun, and nobody else did. There is a photo of him
> >on the official webpage of Scientology. That is the real Mark Rathbun,
> >but he is not with them. I have all reasons to believe that he is
> >wrongfully incarcerated, and that photo is rather used to mislead that
> >he if free and well.
> >
> >Smith cited William Ferroggiaro of the FOIA project of the Nat'l
> >Security Archive. Ferroggiaro is right, saying that I am using the law
> >as intended, but he is extremly uninformed claiming that my efforts
> >would be "bizzare". Could it be that Smith lied also to him, about me,
> >to make him utter such a statement? This sentence also is contradictory.
> >If I use the law as intended, my efforts are not bizzare, otherwise it
> >they would be not as intended by the law, right? Or are they saying that
> >the FOIA law is bizzare?
> >
> >University of Utah Prof. Robert Goldberg's remark on existing
> >governmental secrecy, (an allegedly democratic government that covers up
> >yearly millions of documents)is correct, but he is very wrong assuming
> >that FOIA requests or legal cases "give me a will to live". Why would he
> >make such a remark? Did Smith lie to him, that I am suicidal? What would
> >make me happy is, if I finally get some truth from the federal
> >government, if they would stop plotting and campaigning against me, and
> >if unethical, lying reporters would stay away from me.
> >
> >Smith also twisted words that I said, to make me look incoherent or not
> >intelligent.
> >
> >Photographer Rick Egan came to my house on May 10, and took
> >approximately 100 photos of me. The Tribune should have asked me, which
> >one to use for the article. Smith tricked me to agree to photos taken
> >with some of the unlawful denial letters from the government. Rick Egan
> >took enough photos of me with my files, why were none of those used?
> >Once again, Smith worked with lies, to make me agree to something I
> >would have not agreed otherwise, which is photos taken of me.
> >
> >Note, that the Salt Lake Tribune has no permission of mine, to use any
> >of the photos in any of your articles, you have no permission of mine to
> >lend, or to sell those photos to any other media, or to any private
> >individual. I want all photos and the negatives immediately returned to
> >me, because I don't like my reputation and my image further slandered by
> >you. The SL Tribune is indeed no paper of any credibility, and I am glad
> >that so many others think that too, including the Washington Post.
> >
> >"Thanks" for the Cantera/Vigh/Shelledy/Blair style article, Christopher
> >Smith and Salt Lake Tribune. Will I ever grant an interview to any Salt
> >Lake Tribune reporter ever? When hell freezes over.
> >
> >Barbara Schwarz,
> >
> >
> >
> >>S.L. Woman's Quest Strains Public Records System
> >>
> >> By Christopher Smith
> >> (c)2003, The Salt Lake Tribune
> >>
> >> WASHINGTON -- Working from her austere Salt Lake City apartment
> or
> >> a nearby public library for more than a decade, Barbara Schwarz has
> >> carpet-bombed every federal department and agency with thousands of
> >> requests for public records the government says don't exist.
> >> With no legal training, she has filed dozens of lawsuits against
> >> thousands of federal employees around the country, claiming they have
> >> withheld information on her Utah hometown, which can't be found on any
> map.
> >> And she has written hundreds of letters to the White House,
> >> demanding to know the whereabouts of a husband she contends was
> falsely
> >> imprisoned for her own murder.
> >> A twisted plot, to be sure, but one that can be recited almost
> >> chapter and verse by a legion of civil servants and judges who have
> >> dutifully waded through pages of her screeds since they began
> appearing
> >> shortly after she moved to Salt Lake City in 1989 from Europe in
> search
> >> of a murky past.
> >> The U.S. Department of Justice contends Schwarz has made more
> >> requests under the landmark public records statute known as the
> Freedom
> >> of Information Act (FOIA) than any other person since it became law in
> >> 1966. A blueprint for open democracy and government accountability in
> >> other countries, the FOIA has been stretched to its limits by a
> >> reclusive woman who, by her own admission, is in the country
> illegally.
> >> A Salt Lake Tribune review of federal court records and Justice
> >> Department annual reports on FOIA litigation shows at least one of
> >> Schwarz's lawsuits has been considered by a U.S. District or U.S.
> >> Circuit Court of Appeals somewhere in the nation every year since
> 1993.
> >> She also has filed unsuccessful appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court.
> >> In 1998 alone, Schwarz, who always acts as her own attorney and
> >> claims indigency to avoid paying court filing fees, had a caseload any
> >> rising lawyer would be proud of: 10 of her actions against the
> >> government were reviewed in federal courts in Utah, Maryland, West
> >> Virginia, Colorado, New York and the District of Columbia.
> >> The slightly built woman in her late 40s with wavy dark hair
> rarely
> >> appears in court and has never won any of her lawsuits. One of her
> >> complaints filed in U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C., set a
> >> record for voluminous litigation at 2,370 pages, naming 3,087
> >> defendants, all of whom were employed as FOIA or "Privacy Act"
> officers
> >> in the federal government. Some of those workers have dubbed her a
> "FOIA
> >> terrorist" and coined a verb reflective of her unending request
> letters:
> >> "Have you been Schwarzed today?"
> >> The 10th Circuit Court of Appeals based in Denver and the D.C.
> >> District Court each have ruled that Schwarz's FOIA requests are
> >> frivolous and a waste of government resources. Both courts have
> enjoined
> >> or drastically limited her right to file future appeals within either
> >> jurisdiction.
> >>
> >> "Imaginary conspiracy": The FOIA's "admirable purpose is abused
> >> when misguided individuals are allowed (in this case repeatedly) to
> >> submit requests to every agency and subdivision of the government,
> >> seeking information about an imaginary conspiracy," U.S. District
> Court
> >> Judge John Bates wrote in a September ruling against Schwarz in
> Washington.
> >> The Justice Department has taken the unusual step of notifying
> all
> >> of the thousands of federal employees charged with administering the
> >> FOIA that until Schwarz satisfies outstanding search and copying
> charges
> >> she incurred from various federal agencies, they can legally deny her
> >> continued requests for records. While senior Justice Department
> >> officials acknowledge such governmentwide notification of what they
> term
> >> a "exceptional" requester has only happened once or twice before in
> the
> >> history of the law, they say Schwarz is being treated no differently
> >> than anyone else.
> >> "In the case of any FOIA requester who defaults or reneges on a
> >> commitment to pay, whether he or she has made two requests or 2,000,
> >> there would be a basis for the request not to be acted upon until the
> >> default is corrected," said Daniel Metcalfe, co-director of the
> Justice
> >> Department's Office of Information and Privacy. "It's certainly true
> >> that when Ms. Schwarz brought suit against virtually every government
> >> agency and subpart, that created an interagency focus that otherwise
> >> might not have existed."
> >> But Schwarz is not giving up. She says she can't. Every
> boilerplate
> >> rejection letter from the federal government only widens the circle of
> >> suspicion that spawns more requests. And until she knows the answers
> to
> >> her questions, she says she is incapable of moving on with her life.
> >> "I have no money for this but I am forced to do it because the
> >> purpose of the law is to reveal, not conceal, and government should be
> >> transparent," she said in a recent interview in a Salt Lake City
> >> restaurant. "When I started this journey, I never imagined it would
> take
> >> so long."
> >> That quest, according to a September 2001 governmentwide memo on
> >> Schwarz issued by the Office of Information and Privacy, is "all based
> >> on unique personal notions that, most charitably stated, are entirely
> >> fanciful in nature."
> >> Schwarz believes she was born in approximately 1956 at a
> secretive
> >> government compound "submarine base" called Chattanooga on the Great
> >> Salt Lake, the alleged daughter of Church of Scientology founder L.
> Ron
> >> Hubbard and the granddaughter of President Eisenhower, although there
> is
> >> no proof of any such place or relationship.
> >> The ensuing story reads like a science fiction novel --
> kidnapping
> >> by Nazis, mind control, conspiracy, hidden fortunes, faked deaths,
> >> insane asylums, cover-ups and microchips implanted in unsuspecting
> >> peoples' heads. Besides constantly referencing the tale in her FOIA
> >> requests and court filings, Schwarz has posted it in more than 80
> parts
> >> on the Web newsgroup alt.religion.scientology.
> >> "This is when people say, 'You're crazy,' " she says. "But I
> >> remember all those things so clearly, it's not like I just made it up.
> I
> >> need to know the truth of it and not to bury my perceptions."
> >> That includes her belief she was once married to a man named Mark
> >> Rathbun who has been framed for her death and is being held somewhere
> in
> >> the United States, waiting for her to testify as his "relief witness"
> so
> >> that he can be cleared of the crime and the pair can be reunited.
> >> Rathbun is, however, a high-ranking official of the Church of
> >> Scientology International, headquartered in Los Angeles. "We're
> clueless
> >> about this person and obviously she is delusional about Mr. Rathbun
> and
> >> she needs help," says Linda Simmons Hight, director of media relations
> >> for the church. "We're sorry for her."
> >> When Schwarz is shown a recent photo of Rathbun from the church,
> >> she maintains it is not the same man she has asked the federal
> >> government to help her locate. She describes herself as a
> "nonorganized"
> >> scientologist who was "kicked out" of the church in Germany in the
> >> mid-1980s. University of Utah history professor Robert Goldberg, who
> has
> >> studied the subculture of conspiracy theorists, says Schwarz's
> >> manifestations seem based in the reality that the U.S. government does
> >> have a cult of secrecy. For instance, the federal Information Security
> >> Oversight Office's most recent study showed the number of government
> >> records classified as secret increased 44 percent in 2001 from the
> >> previous year, to more than 33 million.
> >>
> >> Guarding secrets: "The context here is the government loves to
> keep
> >> secrets and it guards those secrets very zealously," says Goldberg,
> >> author of Enemies Within: the Culture of Conspiracy in Modern America.
> >> "So when the federal government says you have everything we have on
> this
> >> subject and there's nothing, that only feeds more fuel to the fire in
> >> her soul."
> >> Adding to the cycle of Schwarz's repeated requests is one of the
> >> virtues of the FOIA law: administrators are not to render judgment on
> >> the merits of the information being sought in a request. Those
> >> determinations only can be made at the judicial level once a requester
> >> loses an administrative appeal of a FOIA denial and files suit.
> >> "Who's to say that one person's request has more validity than
> >> anyone else's?" says William Ferroggiaro, director of the Freedom of
> >> Information Project of the National Security Archive at George
> >> Washington University and president of the American Society of Access
> >> Professionals. "It's value neutral. In a way, she is using the law as
> it
> >> is intended even if her efforts cannot be characterized as anything
> but
> >> bizarre."
> >> One of the other aspects of the FOIA law -- which has gained
> >> increased scrutiny in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist
> attacks
> >> -- is that it may be used by citizens and foreign nationals alike. In
> >> some cases, fugitives of federal justice have filed FOIA requests and
> >> received responses, since only the courts may declare that a person
> who
> >> has flouted the laws of the land may not benefit from them.
> >> Schwarz says she entered the United States on a visitor visa in
> the
> >> late 1980s and tried unsuccessfully for years to adjust her status
> with
> >> the Immigration and Naturalization Service before giving up. She says
> >> she has a German birth certificate but claims it was doctored to
> conceal
> >> that she was actually born in Utah.
> >>
> >> Fighting INS: "I have tried to get it worked out with the INS,"
> >> says Schwarz. "They could probably arrest me or throw me out of the
> >> country for filing FOIA requests, but I'm not easily scared."
> >> While the FOIA law is open to all, it does not guarantee free
> >> access to government information. Although Schwarz always requests
> that
> >> the standard fees for searching and copying records be deferred
> because
> >> she is poor and the request is in the public interest, a federal judge
> >> in the nation's capital ruled in 2001 that she didn't deserve a fee
> >> waiver because her disclosure would not "contribute significantly to
> >> public understanding of the operations or activities of the
> government."
> >> As a result, the Department of Justice began tracking her
> >> outstanding FOIA bills and using those debts to disqualify further
> >> requests, beginning with a $16.80 balance due to the Salt Lake field
> >> office of the FBI.
> >> "Anyone can see I'm not rich; I haven't bought new clothes for 12
> >> years," says Schwarz, who does not hold a job or driver license and
> >> relies on a monthly stipend sent from relatives in Germany to pay for
> >> her rent, utilities and food. "I finally paid the FBI bill and two
> days
> >> later the chief counsel of the division said I owed $303.30 to the
> >> Veterans Administration. They are generating fees behind my back so
> they
> >> don't process my requests and it's spread to every agency."
> >> To her, it's all part of the conspiracy.
> >> "This circle is never going to close," says Goldberg. "Perhaps
> >> having this cause and mission gives her a will to live."
> >> But Schwarz says being labeled a kook and an "FOIA terrorist" is
> >> not how she had hoped to find fame.
> >> "It's not that this is my hobby and I don't have anything better
> to
> >> do," she says. "I would love to just write fiction and have a life.
> But
> >> I'm an optimist. I believe something will come my way that will end
> this."
> >>
> >

<p><hr><p> From: BarbaraSchwarz2222@hotmail.com (BarbaraSchwarz)
Subject: Re: How reporter Christopher Smith of the Salt Lake Tribune lied to me
Date: 14 May 2003 09:23:09 -0700
Message-ID: <a6bc00a0.0305140823.45398374@posting.google.com>

"Ed Rhodes" <edward.j.rhodes@verizon.net> wrote in message news:<E2hwa.2601$ld.2276@nwrdny01.gnilink.net>... > "BarbaraSchwarz" <BarbaraSchwarz2222@hotmail.com> wrote in message
> news:a6bc00a0.0305130955.6640cdec@posting.google.com...
> > _____________________________________________
>
> Sorry, wrote "Nancy," ment "Barbara."

Something else: did anybody notice the psych blah blah of socalled Scientologist and SCN INT public relations officer Linda Simmons Hight? What does she means with "needs help"?

The reporter must have called her already weeks ago, and I did not get help from her. Nobody within the orgs contacted me to offer "help". The help I would need from the orgs would be some honesty, as to what really happened to Mark Rathbun, and where he is being held. But this is what I don't get from the with completely unscientological people infiltrated SCN orgs.

Remember, that L. Ron Hubbard said that psychiatry is barbaric and does not heal anybody? If Scientology does not want to help me, who did she mean? Obviciously psychs! Linda Simmons Hight is not the only psychiatric nurse under cover on staff in OSA, or the other orgs. It was them which removed me from staff and the orgs. Gerda Spittel, another former (or perhaps still active) OSA INT psychiatric nurse, mixed valium under my vitamins. What kind of a non-Scientological thing is that? SCN is supposed to be drug free.

The isolation they did to me and also to Linda McPherson, were also not acts by Scientologists, but rather by the infiltrators. They try to make SCN orgs to psychiatric hospitals and psychological clubs, using even the rates that psychs are using, to bill their patients.

Yes, and the reporter knew that. He read the over 80 installments on Google in the Shocking News Series about my life. But he surely has cited crook and criminal infiltrator Simmons Hight as if she would be a reliable source, didn't he?

Barbara Schwarz

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