NON-LINEAR ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS WEAPONS:
                IN THE CONTEXT OF SCIENCE & ECONOMY
            -------------------------------------------

                    by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr.
                        Milan, Dec. 1, 1987
       (written version--may diverge from delivered address)

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CONFERENCE NOTE: Sixty-five-year-old economist LYNDON H. LA
ROUCHE, JR. is a candidate for the 1988 presidential nomination of
the Democratic Party (U.S.A.). He is best known in military
science for his leading international role, during 1982 and early
1983, in proposing a western global strategic ballistic missile
defense based upon "new physical principles."
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     During the past two years, there has been increasing
attention to the imminently dominant role of new types of
electromagnetic-pulse weapons as strategic and tactical assault
weapons of general warfare. Unfortunately, most of this discussion
has been listed under the somewhat misleading title of
"radio-frequency weapons," a name carried over from earlier years
discussions of more primitive forms of electronic warfare.

     One of our greatest difficulties in explaining these new
dimensions of warfare, is the popularity of the old opinion, that
microwaves might impair or destroy living tissues by inductive
heating. Unquestionably, microwaves can do this, but we are
speaking of lethal and other special effects achieved by a deposit
of energy on target even several orders of magnitude less than
required to cook that tissue to death.

     The new class of electromagnetic-pulse weaponry has other
military applications, in addition to uses as strategic and
tactical anti-personnel assault-weapons. Missions for non-organic
targets include increasingly sophisticated methods for rendering
equipment inoperative or dysfunctional; they include efficient
means for disrupting the structure of materials. However, general
policy for the field as a whole can be fairly discussed by
limiting our attention to the case of strategic and tactical
anti-personnel assault weapons.

                  A Branch of Optical Biophysics
                  ------------------------------

     It is singularly appropriate that a discussion of this field
should occur in Milan, since it was here that the science of
optical biophysics was born about five hundred years ago, as an
outgrowth of the collaboration between Fra Luca Pacioli and
Leonardo da Vinci. It is also to be stressed, that the founding of
modern physical science and biology, by that collaboration, was
the outgrowth of the pioneering work in establishing the methods
of physical science by the great Cardinal Nicolaus of Cusa, the
Cusa whose writings served as the starting-point for the
collaboration of Pacioli and Cusa. The connection between the work
of Cusa and of Pacioli and Leonardo, places modern optical
biophysics and its military and other applications into the proper
historical-scientific perspective.

     In was in the context of the Council of Florence that Cusa
published his famous , within which is
located the most fundamental principle of modern physical science,
what is called today the principle of physical least action. In
 physical least action is introduced to us as
a "Maximum Minimum Principle," as the notion modern physics
associates with the "isoperimetric theorem" of topology as well as
Leibniz's principle of physical least action. It was on this basis
that Cusa became the first modern figure of science to show why
the solar hypothesis was necessary, and out of which the
foundations of modern relativistic physics were elaborated.

     The following points situate our subject-matter historically.

     Working from Cusa's principle of physical least action,
Pacioli reconstructed the proof that the five platonic solids are
the limit of construction of regular polyhedra in euclidean space.
This proof, as later enriched by Leonhard Euler and others, shows
that the construction of the Golden Section is a limiting value
for construction of intelligible representation of forms in
euclidean space. Pacioli and his collaborators added a discovery
which remains confirmed in full today, that between the limits of
the very large and the very small, the difference between living
and non-living forms is that all healthy living processes are
harmonically ordered morphologically in a manner congruent with
the Golden Section.

     Johannes Kepler applied that principle to the very large, to
demonstrate that the fundamental laws of astrophysics are
congruent with the Golden Section. In other words, the fundamental
laws of physics are to be adduced as reflections of the curvature
of physical space-time reflected in the limiting value of the
Golden Section. Carl Gauss and his successors reworked Kepler's
physics from a more advanced standpoint, and that new physics of
Gauss, Riemann, and others found a home among such leading
scientists of nineteenth-century Italy as the great Betti and
Beltrami, from which the great Italian school of
electrohydrodynamics and aeronautics emerged to revive the
heritage of Leonardo da Vinci in this field.

     Today, with aid of application of modern high-energy physics
to the phenomena of what are called "force free" states of
plasmas, we show that the Kepler-Gauss-Riemann curvature for
astrophysics is the curvature of physical space-time on the
sub-atomic scale. Work is currently in progress, with some
preliminary success, to show that the ordering of the periodic
table and the crystalline and other physical characteristics
associated with each element of that table, is determined by
synthetic methods coherent with the Kepler-Gauss-Riemann notion of
the curvature of physical space-time.

     If astrophysics, microphysics, and biophysics are each and
all determined by such a common curvature of physical space-time,
then we know several things of great practical importance from
this fact alone. First, we know that all of these processes are
elementarily non-linear, in the sense that the progress of physics
through Gauss, Riemann, and Beltrami implies. We also know which
popular axiomatic sorts of ontological assumptions in physics and
biology today must be discarded, if we are to render intelligible
the elementary actions and principles which govern the the
sub-atomic and astrophysical roots of these non-linear processes'
behavior on the macro-scale of applications.

     My own approach to these matters has proceeded from the
standpoint of my successful discoveries in my own profession, in
the field which Liebniz defined and established as . A brief description of my contributions to the science
of economy will render more accessible the connection between
science and economy, which I report to you today.

     My entry into economic science started approximately forty
years ago, as a product of my angered reaction to the notion of
"information theory" then being popularized by Professor Norbert
Wiener and others. Wiener, as many of you know, attempted to
explain  from the standpoint of the
statistical gas theory of the Professor Ludwig Boltzmann who died
in 1901, allegedly of suicide, at Duino castle. Since I had been a
student of Leibniz since early adolsecence, and an opponent of
Immanuel Kant from Leibniz's standpoint, I recognized immediately
the nature of Professor Wiener's folly. I chose the subject of the
impact of scientific discovery upon productivity of labor as the
empirical standpoint in which to situate my refutation of Wiener.

     Hence, I was able to show how, contrary to Kant, human
creative mentation could be given an intelligible representation,
and to show in what terms productivity might be measured, such
that the correlation between rates of technological progress and
rates of increase of potential productivity could be measured and
predicted. In order to supply a mathematical representation of
this function I had defined, I turned to the work of Bernhard
Riemann. Hence, the method I have contributed to the work of
economic science is known as the LaRouche-Riemann method.

     It is more or less known that the scientific work of Cusa,
Pacioli, Leonardo, Kepler, Leibniz, Monge, Gauss, and Riemann,
among others, is situated within the methods of what is called
synthetic geometry, as opposed to the axiomatic-deductive methods
commonly popular among professionals today. The method of Gauss
and Riemann, in which elementary physical least action is
represented by the conic form of self-similar-spiral action, is
merely a further perfection of the synthetic method based upon
circular least action, employed by Cusa, Leonardo, Kepler, and so
forth.

     It is from the standpoint of Gauss-Riemann, that we know that
the elementary existence of physical least action, ontologically,
in the complex domain, is reflected necessarily as the metrical
characteristic of Golden Section harmonics upon the apparent
domain of the discrete manifold. This indicates that Gauss did not
overturn the earlier work of Cusa, et al., but merely completed
it, giving it a more adequate representation. From that
vantage-point, we are able to move backward and forward in the
history of physical science and biology, to correlate the work of
earlier scientists with the elaboration of the complex domain by
Gauss, Riemann, et al., during the nineteenth century. It is
feasible, from this standpoint, to restate propositions in the
language of axiomatic-deductive methods into the language of the
Gauss-Riemann domain.

     In this way, it is feasible to show rather directly, that
creative mentation, as typified by valid fundamental scientific
discoveries, is not only non-linear, but belongs to a domain whose
curvature is the same as that for a Kepler-Gauss-Riemann physical
and biological domain. Empirical studies also show, that
continuous technological progress causes the introduction of
discontinuities ("non-linearities") to any attempt at a linear
representation of an economic process. There is an analogous, but
harmonically different sort of ordered succession of
discontinuities in a devolutionary process; the upward course
simulates the harmonic ordering of a living process, the downward
course, an inorganic one, both in the sense famously stipulated by
Kepler in his paper on the snowflake.

     So, I changed the definition of the terms "entropy" and
"negative entropy," from the statistical definition employed by
Wiener. "Negative entropy" or "negentropy" I supplied a synthetic,
rather than a deductive definition, as akin to Pacioli's
definition of the characteristic ordering of living processes. I
divided the two kinds of process-directions, negentropy and
entropy, as Kepler did in his snowflake paper.

     As any physical economist must, who follows in the footsteps
of Leibniz, I focussed my work chiefly on the subject of
technology.

     The principal question posed to the specialist in technology
of physical economy, is to establish metrical parameters which
correlate advances in scientific principle with advances in the
applied technology derived from such scientific principle. If we
define the elementary notions of "energy" in the non-linear way
Riemannian physics demands, rather than the popular scalar
notions, all statements in physics can be cast in the form of
statements of energetics defined in that non-linear way. In this
mode, statements of physical principle become usable as statements
defining technological progress in the functional terms required
by economic science.

     Hence, my interests in biology and physics generally have
been restricted to those matters in which these characteristics
are foremost. I have been concerned with those developments in
biology which correlate with my knowledge of the characteristics
of creative mentation, and with those matters of physics which are
crucial for significant technological advances in the productivity
of labor. For this reason, my work in fields of technology
significant for military applications has emphasized the method of
achieving efficient spill-over of these technologies into the
domain of civilian economy.

     My encounter with the modern optical biophysics of non-linear
spectroscopy of living processes was a direct by-product of my
preoccupation with the intelligible representation of the form of
creative mental processes. It was clear that human memory, for
example, is a holographic sort of non-linear function, rather than
digital linear one. It was important to me, as an economist, to
determine how the requirements of nutrition and other
physiological constraints must be seen as a matter of social and
economic policy, for the purpose of fostering potential creativity
among professionals and operatives. It is important, therefore, to
correlate the characteristics of creative mental activity with the
biological processes upon which mental activity is grounded.

     For that reason, it is those aspects of biological processes
which have the same general characteristics as creative mental
activity which were of greatest interest. Work in non-linear
spectroscopy provided a view of the elementary characteristics of
cellular and sub-cellular life which was uniquely in
correspondence with the characteristics of creative mental
activity. How could it be different than that? The curvature of
astrophysical, microphysical, and biophysical space-time are the
same as the curvature of creative mental processes. This
arrangement is most convenient for us all, since if the curvature
of our mental creative processes were different than that of the
universe in which we live, our universe could not be intelligible
for mankind.

     It should be noted that Leonardo da Vinci understood matters
in these same terms, as we may recall from his emphatic defense of
the principle of hypothesis. If we understand the way in which the
self-bounding curvature of our universe underlies all correct
notions of elementary physical laws, our power to discover with
increasing perfection of knowledge is limited only by the adequacy
of our understanding of both the correct curvature and its
implications. On this point, as many others, modern evidence shows
us that Leonardo was correct, and his critics crippled by their
own error.

     The modern view of biophysics today, is that the harmonic
ordering of non-linear electromagnetic processes is the physical
characteristic of living processes, and that biochemical reactions
are subsumed by this electromagnetic ordering. Moreover, this
shows us that biological processes are not properly defined in any
away within the set of ontological assumptions associated with
either a Cartesian or any sort of a neo-Cartesian discrete
manifold. Modern biology turns our eyes to those aspects of
astrophysical phenomena, in which the process as a whole must be
comprehended in terms of included effects occurring at speeds
greater than the speed of light; there is there, as in the
remarkable electromagnetic coordination of tissues, a coherence of
the process which defies the notion of propagation of action
between particles at distance. In biological processes, these
integrative features of the electromagnetic field are among the
most interesting phenomena.

     This knowledge of modern biophysics leads us in two
directions. We derive from modern, electromagnetic studies of
optical biophysics, knowledge of new practicable principles, by
means of which life may either be more readily disrupted, or
assisted. The degree of refinement of technique, by means of which
living processes might be maliciously affected, enables us to
accomplish such effects by a small fraction of the energy
deposited to produce thermal effects. Conversely, the potential to
improve, to heal, is similarly increased. The knowledge gained in
the one application, is, for better or for worse, inseparable from
the other.

                        As Weapons Systems
                        ------------------

     For rather obvious reasons, including my desire that these
techniques remain out of the hands of terrorists, I shall not go
publicly into the technical details of this matter, except to say
that today nations have access to means by which either hordes of
locusts or large concentrations of human populations could be
killed or otherwise neutralized by use of a single weapon of this
type. The prototypes of the beam-generators exist. The
power-sources adequate for this exist either off the shelf or as
prototypes. With improvements in higher temperature
superconducting materials, and use of such electrodes for
gyratrons for example, strategic weapons of this class are in
reach. The computers need to guide the propagation of the pulses
are rather readily available with reasonable effort to develop
dedicated-application modules of the required type. The
appropriate wave-guides are a matter of ingenuity applied to a
known field. The conveyances suited for the deployment of such
assault weaponry exist, and more suitable conveyances rather
readily designed and produced.

     In short, strategic anti-personnel assault weapons as
effective in their way as thermonuclear weapons, are an imminent
potential. Moreover, such strategic weapons are more readily
deployed, and with fewer constraints upon their use, than the
thermonuclear weapons they could often replace.

     Apart from the direct use of such technologies for military
purposes as obvious as that, the same technology is the basis for
special applications producing global effects upon much of the
earth's biosphere, or some local part of it. All of the most
interesting effects are characteristically non-linear, rather than
being the kinds of actions, such as thermal effects, we associate
with the electrodynamics of the cartesian discrete manifold.

     There is no prospect of putting such potentials back into a
bottle, to lock them away from military uses. The Soviets have
long been dedicated to such weaponry, and have the scientific
capability of developing and producing them today. How rapidly
they might produce such systems in strategically significant
numbers, is another question. However, we note that there are
currently occurring very significant changes in the Soviet
military order of battle, changes which correlate with the early
deployment of significant numbers of weapons of this general class.

     We should also note, that the Soviet military has been
dedicated to developing a global strategic ballistic missile
defense system--its own SDI--for about twenty-five years, and has
been developing such a system for deployment over the period of
approximately seventeen years to date. During the first half of
the 1990s, the Soviets will deploy their own version of the U.S.
SDI. The technological base required for the Soviet version of the
SDI it is preparing to deploy, is an adequate base for developing
and producing the kinds of electromagnetic assault weapons we are
considering today.

     These new types are weapons are here, to all intents and
purposes. There are only two classes of nations which will not
soon deploy them: those which are already subjugated by Moscow, or
about to become subjugated. We shall develop them as rapidly as
possible, because we have no rational choice but to do so.

                  The Economics of These Weapons
                  ------------------------------

     There are some who will argue, that the present international
financial collapse is leading us into a new global depression,
worse than that of the 1930s. The financial collapse is now
unstoppable; tens of trillions of dollars of financial paper will
be wiped out before the Spring of 1989, and there is no means on
Earth to prevent this from occurring. However, this financial
crash need not lead into an economic depression, if the government
of the United States comes to its senses during the months
immediately ahead.

     Some will argue, that because of the budget-cuts and other
depressive effects of the financial crash, the U.S. SDI will be
stopped, and no new technological breakthroughs launched. To that
I respond, as I have done in my remarks to a Paris conference,
that often it is the case that only a profound crisis permits the
unleashing of sweeping improvements in policy, including the
unleashing of new scientific and technological revolutions. As
long as leading institutions are complacently content with current
policies, they are unlikely to change those habits. It is when a
profound crisis brings the smug and complacent to their knees,
crying, "Save us!" that overdue advances are permitted to occur.

     If we come to our senses, and rid ourselves of the habits
which have created the great financial bubble now collapsing upon
us, if we return, in despair of any other course, to a policy of
promoting technological progress in a capital-intensive and
energy-intensive mode, the present crisis were more likely to
accelerate the kinds of technological changes I indicate, than to
delay them.

     Despite the increasing erosion of scientific and related
machine-tool capabilities during the past twenty years of
"post-industrial drift," we have accumulated a vast store of new,
unused technologies ready for immediate application. During this
same time, we have entered into new dimensions of scientific
research, from which can pour the greatest advance in human
productivity ever known over the decades immediately ahead.

     Vis-a-vis the Soviet empire, we of the West have certain
inherent strategic advantages, among which is the fact that the
potential for productivity in the OECD nations is approximately
twice that in the Soviet empire. The OECD nations have twice the
population of the Russian empire. Our population has twice the
productive potential of that of the Russian empire, if we but
employ it properly. In addition, there are 350 millions in
Ibero-America, predominantly members of our Western European
culture, and with similar productive potentials. We have seas of
population among our friends in Africa and non-communist Asia.
Together we represent the overwhelming majority of the land-area,
maritime choke-points, and population of this planet.

     Our greatest advantage is that which Moscow hates most
bitterly of all, as it has since muscovy was first founded against
a counterforce against Roman missionaries such as Cyril and
Methodius. We have the gift of , as the New Testament
apostles named it in their Greek, the law and commandment that we
must love God and our neighbor as ourselves. This  is the
emotion of love of God, love of mankind, love of truth, and love
of classical beauty. It is also the quality which permeates and
motivates creative thinking.

     For reason of the idea of the nature of God, the human
individual, and all else, which is the precious heritage of our
civilization, we have been given the greatest potential for
generation and assimilation of scientific and related progress of
any culture. This gift is not a property of our race, but
something which, with , we are properly destined to
preserve and to share with all humanity. This gift is also the
means by which we may acquire all the power we need to defend that
 for our nations and for humanity as a whole.

     Our people have the cultural potential to generate and to
assimilate technological progress at the greatest rate possible
among all mankind. It is not only a means of power; it is our
nature to order our affairs in such a way that the creative powers
of the individual human mind are the quality with which we embed
all our practice. It is the duty and the privilege of the leaders
of our nations to foster the education, the conditions of family
life, and opportunities for labor, which are consistent with that
principle. The fostering of the increase of the average productive
powers of labor, to the benefit of all mankind, is the proper
characteristic of man's labor.

     We must choose this course not merely because the very
existence of our civilization is menaced from the east today.
Rather, it is the enormity of the crisis which impels us to resume
a policy from which we should never have departed. It is the
looming tragedy, threatening the existence of our civilization
which obliges us to affirm those policies of practice which are
the most natural way of life for our culture.

     Without overlooking the ominous threat from the East, let us
define the task before us, in Milan today, as the rebuilding of
Italy, as part of the rebuilding of Europe, and of continuing the
proper mission of western european culture to the benefit of all
mankind. Let us situate the employment of these new technologies
within the economic task of rebuilding Italy as Betti and
Beltrami, and Leonardo da Vinci before them, would have preferred
we do.

     Let us assume that we are committed to large-scale capital
improvements in the basic economic infrastructure of Italy. In
that case, we may assume that the preconditions for capital
improvement and growth of the nation's agriculture and industry
are being satisfied. Under those conditions, what Italy must do is
similar in a general way to what I must do, if I become the next
President, in the United States, and what must be done throughout
western Europe. However, let us situate what must be done in Italy
itself in relationship to the SDI and the new technologies under
discussion here today.

     The crux of industrial development of Italy is the efficient
coordination of precious handfuls of scientists and machine-tool
enterprises with the complex of larger enterprises which are the
centers of industrial production. Let us begin with the special
relationship between scientific teams and the machine-tool
enterprises.

     In the physics department of a well-organized university
there is a special sort of machine-tool shop. A scientist has
devised an experimental hypothesis, perhaps a test of some crucial
scientific principle. The scientist works with the university's
machine-tool facility, to create his experimental apparatus. Once
a new principle has been established in that way, the same
scientist is situated to take the fruits of his work to a
machine-tool facility, which will translate the discovery into a
new technology made available to industry.

     If industry has available adequate flows of
investment-capital, retained earnings, and credit at reasonably
low prices, and if investment tax-credits are designed to
encourage such investments, industries will tend to gobble up new
technologies produced, even almost as rapidly as they are
available.

     The integration of those combined efforts, of research, of
development of improved technologies in the machine-tool sector,
and improved productive capital for industry, is the triadic form
of optimal organization of technological industrial progress and
growth.

     The popular opinion of opposition to this course of actions
comes largely from those who have been infected with the ideology
of "consumerism." These misinformed persons imagine falsely, that
it is consumer purchases which generate growth of industry. On the
contrary, what prompts the growth of markets for households'
goods, is the growth of population and employment. The most
important source of this growth in employment, agriculture aside,
is the combination of capital improvements in basic economic
infrastructure and employment in production of capital goods. It
is the vertical development of industry which makes possible its
horizontal development; it is chiefly the percentile of operatives
employed in infrastructure and production of capital goods which
enlarge the market for sale of households' goods.

     By basic economic infrastructure, I mean water-mangement,
general transportation, production and distribution of energy,
urban sanitation, and such crucial contributions to the
productivity of labor as education and medical services.

     The dynamic of growth is supplied by the increase of the
productivity of agricultural and industrial operatives, and the
transfer of unemployed and marginally employed into employment as
such skilled operatives. The average growth of productivity is the
true margin of real profit of a national economy as a whole. Since
increase of productivity requires improved standards of life for
households, sustained growth and profitability can be secured in
only one way: through sustained technological progress in
capital-intensive and energy-intensive modes of production.

     So, whenever we integrate science, machine-tool sectors, and
general industrial investment in the way I have indicated, we have
turned that triadic relationship into s science-driver for raising
the incomes and productivity of the economy as a whole. Obviously,
therefore, the greater the ration of scientists so employed, the
greater the ration of operatives employed in the machine-tool
sector, and the greater the ration of operatives employed in
capital goods production generally, the more prosperous the
economy will become.

     Thus, the vertical expansion of the division of labor in
industry, energized by the triadic relationship, yields the
highest potential rates of per-capita improvement of a national
economy.

     The shrewdest policy for this case, is a commitment to
technological "leapfrogging." In general, it were wiser for a
nation not to try to compete with foreign industries on existing
levels of technology in use; instead make a leap ahead of the
level of technology currently practised in foreign nations. The
worse the competitive level of repair of one's economy, the more
urgent such "leapfrogging" is.

     Italy has a dwindling kernel of the quality of scientists and
related advanced machine-tool capabilities in the tradition of
Betti and Italy's aeronautics industry earlier during this
century. Let us take a number of such diversified technological
capabilities, and group them under a single name:
"electrohydrodynamics." That represents the kernel of Italy's
special scientific potentials. This is a scientific potential well
suited to the kinds of technologies associated with SDI and the
new dimensions of non-linear electromagnetic biophysics and
related fields. Link that to the machine-tool sector,
concentrating scarce resources along that technological
breakthrough front. Link that to the vertical development of the
industrial base generally.

     This has become an obvious road toward applying limited
resources to the effect of fostering the optimal national result.

     It must be stressed, that the military application of these
technologies is only a small fraction of their potential. It is
spilling these technologies into the civilian sector as rapidly as
possible, which is the principal source of benefit to the nation
as a whole. At the same time, it is an intangible, but most
powerful economic benefit to the people of a nation, to associate
their nation with technological achievements of which to take
pride before the world. If a people says , finding its
manifest national purpose beautiful in that way, that people is
happier, and more productive for that reason.

     It is time for the nations of western european culture to
rise out of the quicksands of cultural pessimism, in which we have
been trapped these past twenty years, to assist one another in
achieving great works worthy of being admired by all humanity, and
to rejoice in such accomplishments by our neighbors.

     Today, we are faced with the grim business of continued
strategic conflict. Let us do what we must on the account, but let
us enjoy more the good we acomplish as contributions to the
welfare of mankind in the course of doing our duty to our
civilization.